Pergamon is located on the shores of the graben valley where the Kaikos (Bakırçay) River extends in the east-west direction in the Northern Aegean. The city is surrounded by Pindasos (Kozak) Mountains in the north and Asperdenon (Yund) Mountains in the south. Selinos stream lies in the east and Ketios stream lies in the west.
The name of the city, which is mentioned as Pergamon or Pergamonos in ancient texts, comes from a local language known in Anatolia since ancient times and means 'Castle' or 'Fortified Location'. Apart from the ancient Pergamon settlement at the top of Kale Mountain, there are many mounds scattered across the Bakırçay Plain. In the light of the research carried out in these mounds, it was understood that the settlement history of the city dates back to the Old Bronze Age (3000 BC).

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